Cultural Perspectives of Reasons Behind Organisations Seeking Control Free Essay Example, 3500 words

The researcher states that when analyzing the cultural perspectives to identify the reasons behind organizations seeking control, it has often been observed that such viewpoints exist in correspondence with the psychological aspects including values, attitudes, beliefs as well as ideas which emphasize particularly upon the cultural practices of a particular community or society. These cultural practices can be identified as involving certain primary characteristics such as people orientation, team orientation as well as outcome orientation among others. Based on this context, Alvesson stated that the organizations of present-day context tend to be highly interested in adopting cultural variations within the business process owing to the fact that such strategic considerations significantly assist in clearly identifying the customers needs and buying behavior belonging from different cultures. Contextually, Schein developed three major cultural segments commonly identifiable within a n organization concerning its various operational activities. These segments can be identified as the operator culture , the engineering culture and the executive culture . Contextually, the operator culture in organizations fundamentally involves attributes related to the way of communication, teamwork as well as cooperation within the operational segments of an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Perspectives of Reasons Behind Organisations Seeking Control or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Differences Between the Arguements of Thomas Hobbes and...

When initially looking at the arguments of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Government, they seem to agree on many things. Both philosophers believe that human reasoning is based on appetites and aversions, that humans have a fundamental right to self-preservation, and, above all, that a strong central government is the way to remedy the problems with the state of nature. However, after looking closely, many important differences become apparent. All differences between the arguments of Hobbes and Locke, in regards to human nature and the formation of a social contract, stem from two crucial points: the authors’ value of individualism and sociality, both in the state of nature and in civil society, and†¦show more content†¦Both Hobbes and Locke observe the overwhelming presence of fear in the state of nature. Even though a person has the right to self-defense and the punishment of evildoers, that does not eliminate the constant fear of being attacked in the state of nature. This is a reason why, according to both philosophers, people are willing to be governed (Hobbes, 1968: 188; Locke, 1980: 16). However, in Hobbes’ form of government, that fear is not eliminated, only changed. Instead of fearing death or attack, now the people fear the sovereign itself (Hobbes, 1968: 198). In fact, the entire power of the sovereign comes directly from the fear it instills in those it governs. In exchange for this perpetual fear, the governed can live in peace, so long as they follow the sovereign’s rules and do not speak out against him (377). Locke’s government, however, is based much more heavily on trust. This is evident because firstly, citizens retain their individual property; secondly, the citizens have the right to change the government if they are dissatisfied; and lastly, that each citizen must, either tacitly or explicitly, consent to being a part of that government (Locke, 1980: 65). In Lockeâ₠¬â„¢s civil society, everyone has the right to their life, liberty, and estate. If the government threatens to violate any of a person’s rights to property, that person has the right to renounce consent and move to a different society, or to rebel against the current one and effect change.

Faamatai Traditional Religious System Free Essays

It also alms to define and determine religious connections between the Mat system and the tabulate (Indigenous religion). Last but not least, it also focuses on how the system changed after Christianity arrived. Many people define the term mat in different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Faamatai: Traditional Religious System or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, Via and Tintinnabulation define mat as a â€Å"member of the nun (village) and a leader of an alga potato (extended family) with a complex network of fall (diffuse cultural connections’. Pall’s offers another deflation which states that mat evolves from two words â€Å"mat† (eye or seeing) and â€Å"l† (towards or at). When two words are put together, It creates a traditional definition, the â€Å"act of looking towards or at someone or something†. In other words, a mat is the â€Å"eyes† of the family. He or she is the role model of the family. Family members look up to him or her as a strong leader and effective decision maker. To understand the framework of the mat system, one must first review the Samoan culture characteristics. The Samoan identify their culture as the Fashion way of life according to custom. Pall’s described the term Fashion as referring to â€Å"the ancient ways of life Inherited from the ancestors†. The rod FAA means â€Å"in the manner of†, so the Samoan made it blend in with certain words in order to contrast the different ways of doing things. Traditionally, there are no laws in the context of the Samoan culture. However, Samoan people respected the decisions made by their own mat. To further understand the Samoan way of life, one must understand the village structure In the Samoan culture. The (nun) village Infrastructure Is made up of all extended females and relatives who reside In that particular village. They are Individual heirs and descendents of the mat such as father, mother, brother sister and etc†¦ In the alga, all can be related whether by blood as traceable to a common ancestor, through marriage ties or even adopted connections. At the head of each alga was a mat. He was the one who held the family title until it was passed on by choice rather than by inheritance. The first stage in becoming a mat was to serve as a tattletale’s (untitled man). A tattletale’s Is defined as an untitled man who serves his mat with honor and diligently. Being In this level requires a lot of patience and caring. Each tattletale’s has one goal in life which was taut (serve) as further explained by Applied as follows: â€Å"A fulfill mat a Samoa faithful muumuu maim lava lee tag as taut Elli I lee mat male alga ma lee nun. O taut a lee tuna’s e mama maim AI fumigant’s ‘see’s. A iii SE e via Oho I lee tutelage pull, all e taut, AAU o lee ala I lee pull o lee taut†. When a chief was chosen, a person who served the chief, family and village well Is most likely the primary he must first serve because the path to leadership is service) When a mat was sought, each alga would agree on a candidate and then all would decide on one who would be worthy to succeed to the title. Once receiving the title of mat, he is responsible for the leadership of the whole family. In the fond o lee nun (council of chief), th e mat was the one who represented the whole family. The authority of the mat was freely expressed by him in all matters, but most of the time he is free in so far as what he does was for the good of the family. In this respectful way, it could be seen, that the role of the mat was not merely authoritative, but it was also one of serving. It was then seen that all behavior was conditioned by the loyalty and devotion not only of the mat but the whole family. It was the pride of one’s family which seemed to be the basis of the Samoan culture. This has been an initiating factor by which â€Å"law and order† was kept. In the Fashion, the extended family is the basic component of the village. Like I mentioned earlier, the village infrastructure is made up of all extended families which headed by a senior chief. Without the extended families and their chiefs, there would be no council of chiefs in the traditional village structure. The village itself became a factor in keeping the strong bond within the society. Socially, each village was embraced by a common pupilages (traditional greeting of mat titles in seniority). Mauve stated that a pupilages is a rotational formula which contained all the dignity accorded to the village especially to the principle chiefs, stating their relationship to the broader royal lineages of Samoa. In the olden times, Samoan lived in a hierarchical society. In all levels of its political structure including the mat system, it was so clear for it to be seen. Through all these levels, there was one of unifying force at work in the maintenance of â€Å"law and order† such as loyalty and devotion, being part of the family, and villages and districts connecting to the royal line. Politically, with the hierarchical structure of society, it could be seen that the ancient gods were also structured in such a way. It was the case that authority was delegated from the top to the bottom. If there was a need to carry out a proposal or any new ideas, it was first to be approved by the higher authorities. Permission had to be sought from the chiefs. Although these different levels still existed in the Samoan society, but there was still the awareness of the necessity to function together as a corporate unity in order to survive. The socio-political structure of the mat system was believed to have great importance. Many believed the importance again lies within the idea that it was probably within such a social structure and that the structuring and the understanding of the gods had originated. According to Mauve, he stated: In Samoan society, there were â€Å"As† such as the As Militate, As Loyola or As Amiga. The â€Å"As† gives the meaning of being very high in rank within the Samoan society. The full meaning of this word would not be expressed if only the word honorable was used. The meaning of the word was not only â€Å"honorable† but took up other meanings such as sacredness and holiness in the ensue of been higher above all others in society. In this sense, As would really refer to the Alai(high or paramount chief). An Alai(high chief) was considered as the head of the village and its council of chiefs. Telltale (high talking chief) were orators and they spoke on the behalf of the Alai. According to Applied, mat were always the ruling powers in the society. Their authority is still strong today. Their authority was to be chiefs were, it was always to be carried out by the magma(group of tattletale’s or untitled men). What can be said at this point is that in the structural set up of the Samoan society, there is a clear distinction between the higher and lower classes. The structure of the society and the distinctions could have been the basis of the religious structuring and understanding of the ancient gods. In fact, the Samoan indigenous religion also had a structure where there was the recognition of higher gods and lower gods. In such a structure, there were responsibilities and functions performed by the gods that coincided with the responsibilities set out in the social life of the people. If the high chiefs were seen to rule and grant permission, then the higher gods were seen to posses more power. The higher gods would then be sought for the granting of the things that the society wanted. In this section, I will focus on the religious connection between the Mat system and a more detailed study of the traditional religious beliefs and other cultural practices. I strongly believe that much of these beliefs and practices had great affect on the way Samoan had accepted Christianity. Before Europeans had ever set foot on the islands, Samoan had their own beliefs of deities believed to be divine. According to Melissa, he stated â€Å"Samoan religion as it generally understood refers to a system of beliefs, the ceremonial and tall activities that are associated with it, and the worship of a supernatural being or beings. † In addition, Samoan had no national religion. This was a time of myths and what has often been referred to as a time of superstitious beliefs. It was at this early stage that these myths and the history of Samoa were preserved in memories and through oral traditions. According to traditional beliefs, every individual had his own â€Å"tutu†(guardian spirit). It was the case that the families had minor gods and villages had their own local deities. These deities such as fire, rain, agriculture and etc†¦ Were insider sacred and important to the Samoan. In the next couple of paragraphs, I will briefly explain the religious connections of the mat system and the indigenous religion through many traditional beliefs such as the Toga myths, man, spirits, and other various gods. One of the most popular beliefs in Samoan society was the Toxicological creation myth. In the alga, the head of the family is considered as the mat which was closely similar to the Toxicological and his rule. According to one myth, it stated that Toxicological existed as the main source in space and created the heavens. He was also known as the superior being or leader. I believe these creation stories had influenced many traditional world views of the Samoan and its mat system. In fact, the mentality about Toga creating Samoa still exists. The variety of these creation stories has led to the idea that traditional beliefs had been elaborately connected in Samoa. In this case, the Samoan culture was produced in distinction of ranks and indigenous religion enforces it by giving the high ranks a special place in it. As also stated by Isaiah: The Samoan ranking system and cultural structure appears deceptively simple on the surface at first glance, but a deeper look into it vales a very competitive, complicated and rigid system. The religious beliefs of the people played a very important part in society. As I mentioned earlier, the Titus (guardian spirit) had influenced many Samoan greatly especially the mat. The tutu is sometimes considered as a god of an individual. In most cases, mat are considered as the god of their own family. They believe the spirit of an ancestor is links the mat system to the indigenous religion is the concept of man (invisible living force) which responsible for all the startling occurrences and effects beyond the human mind. In the Samoan culture, if a mat was able to defeat another mat at war, then he was said to have possessed more quantities of â€Å"man† than the man he defeated. This concept was always associated within the mat system. The traditional belief of man(power) that a mat had to protect the family physically and his ability to supply materially had been a strong qualification for becoming a leader. Man, however was also known in the primitive world as the abundant special supernatural forces that could present in a man. In Samoan society, man was that force behind anything which was impossible for man to do. In this case, Samoan believe man and gaga(spirits) have strong relations. It can be noted that for a man or mat to receive man, it would be possessed through favor of the gods or the passing of it to him by another man who had it before him. Many scholars saw this concept as a way for the gods to communicate their will to the people. Many believe that Samoan were also committed to polytheistic beliefs. Applied stated that the life of the people depended greatly on the gods in which they recognized as having strong powers over them. It was the gods that they would always call upon in times of difficulties. Some of these various gods such as Laminas, Lethally, and Fee were believed to help many people avoid sickness, war and death. Laminas was defined as the child of the moon. This particular god was identified with the moon. In worshipping this god, there was much feasting and prayers. The head of the family or mat would pray that the god would help their family to prevent disease and death from entering their home. In other cases, such as war, this god was also asked to help that particular family or chief. It has been noted that this god was one of the inferior gods in the traditional beliefs of the Samoan society. Another particular god which many believe to be one of the well known house- hold gods was Lethally. This god was known to be embodied in the form of the centipede. In worshipping this god, people would often seek it in a tree that was usually near the house. If a person within the family was very sick, this god was called upon as to determine whether this person would die or become well again. In this particular belief, the mat would take a mat outside and await the coming of this god. The mat would be under close observation. If the god did come, and was seen to eave crawled under the mat, this meant that the sick person would die. If the god came and crawled on the mat, this meant that sick person’s health would be restored. One of the most famous gods which was also well known to the Samoan people was the Fee (octopus). This god was often worshipped as the warrior’s god. It was believed that this god had its resting place on the island of Western Samoa. According to Melissa, it showed that before any war, the chiefs would seek this god and receive his blessings. In receiving the blessing of this god, there was the renewal of strength among the warriors. As a matter of fact, the main point behind all these traditional beliefs is that these gods really had much affect on the lives of the people. Not only the gods helped wartime or other ceremonial events. This proved to me that many of these gods were considered as important factors behind keeping the law and order in the Samoan society and also the mat system. Samoan also had strong affection towards many cultural practices such as the outage, VA ceremony, biogas, sofa’s and etc†¦ In the next part of the research, I will explain the relationship of the mat system and each cultural practice that Samoan hared and believed in since ancient times. Earlier, I mentioned that the framework of the Samoan society was revolved around the mat. These mat were responsible for all lands and matters pertaining to the alga. They also served as main decision makers for the alga or village. They also had man(power) that could cause any injury to anyone in society. In this matter, the power of the chiefs and traditional beliefs of the gods was believed to bring law and order in unity. It also brought strong ties and cultural connection between the gods and chiefs. One of the most important cultural practices that Samoan dealt with was known s outage (oath). According to Mauve, outage is one of the scariest and most sacred practices that chief ever gathered in the olden time. In this practice, the accused offender goes before the village councils and admits his guilt. This was where the fear of the gods came in to help solve a problem within society. This method was strictly practiced and enforced by the chiefs. According to the practice, if a crime was committed and the person who committed the crime was not known, all the villagers would be gathered by the chiefs of the village. Each person was asked to sake the outage(oath) and swear by the name of their own family god or village god. The chiefs then asked the curses of the gods to be on that person if he was the one. It was often the case that the curse would include one’s family member to become very ill if the person lied. It was the fear of these curses by the chiefs that would lead the guilty person to confess. In fact, many believe these cultural practices hardly failed. The reason for this is because the guilty individual really feared the possibility of offending the gods and he could not at any time compromise the reputation of the await to which he belonged. Another important cultural practice that Samoan still carried on today was the ‘VA ceremony. ‘VA ceremony is a traditional ceremony in which formal speeches are present among the chiefs. This ceremony usually held during the welcoming of the amalgam(traveled group). The religious part of this ceremony is when a chief partake his ‘VA cup. Before each chief take his cup, a portion of the ‘VA was poured out of the cup. This was considered as an offering to the gods. It was also a sign of respect to acknowledge the help of the gods in bringing the Amalgam to their destination. To clearly explain the meaning of it, Tubule stated: The spilling of a few drops of VA on the floor before drinking would seem to have the same significance as do many of the ceremonies in/the various religions of the world – incense burning – sprinkling of holy water – offering libations of wine – and the offering of sacrifices varying from pound notes to lizards eggs – all are offered with the idea of placating or seeking the assistance of some God. We are apt, perhaps, to view the custom of the Samoan as being merely the prostration of the intellect at the thresh-hold of the unknown, but re not all sacrifices by whomsoever offered, Just this. Mauve also stated that among the chiefs. For example, a chief would say: â€Å"o lee ‘VA linen o lee ‘VA o taut, la mania lee auto ambulant† It means this VA, it is for the gods, bless our gathering. In all, I found out that most of these traditional practices shared an important relationship between religion and social life of the Samoan people. It was so clear that Samoan had to live in a society where religion was seen as an important aspect in the culture. It was also clear that many of these cultural beliefs and traditional practices were considered as a set stage for Christianity. In this stage, it pointed out two important key elements that summarized the whole relationship between the mat systems and indigenous religion. One key element was the recognition of one great god above all gods, which was Toxicological. It was this god that was so superior and was given such high respect. This reveals that even though Samoan were viewed as polytheists, there was still the recognition of one god, Toga. Secondly, Fear for the gods and spirits was another key element in the Samoan indigenous religion. This element explains the fact that gods could bring disaster to the people o matter what the case is. It can be said that the people in fearing had imagine the awful punishments that could take place because of disobeying the chiefs and the gods. With all the tradition beliefs and cultural practices that Samoan shared in their society, I can now have a clear mind of what the early missionaries had walked into. Last but not least, this section focuses on the new changes of the mat system when Christianity arrived in Samoa. During my research, I found many ways of how the traditional and cultural beliefs were adapted to accept and embed Christianity without losing its value. I also found out how the mat system was easily led to the process of accepting the new religion. There are many reasons why Christianity was easily accepted in Samoan society. Some of those reasons can be willingly determined while other reasons are more difficult to discover. To look deeply in those reasons, I trace it back to the importance and significance of the cultural and traditional beliefs that I mentioned earlier in the research. A fact that is now to be noted is that many of these beliefs and practices are still kept by the people. Though there have been many changes that have taken place, the practices of the past can till be noticed in the present. In the mat system or political structure of Samoa, mat were always heading the families or villages. Within any villages, there was an Alai (high chief) that holds a higher rank. The fact is that there is only one Alai for a village and his authority becomes highly respected and recognized. According to Applied,’Alai would hold the authority to express what to do and forbid the things that should not be done. This political structure is very similar to those that Christianity shared. This was one of the few reasons why Samoan easily accepted the Christian god because of the reactive of owing respect and obedience to anything that the chief ordered. Another reason that linked the mat system to the new religion was the creation myth of Toxicological. During ancient times, Toga was referred as the creator of the heaven and earth. I personally believe that the knowledge of these myths created a clear path for Samoan to easily accept the new Christian God. It seems that what the new religion was teaching to the people was nothing new. Same goes to the concept of man and spirits. I also mentioned earlier that Chiefs were also believed and strength. Chief also held the roles of expressing the will of the gods. In this concept, it has a very strong relation to the new religion. Christianity believed missionaries were looked upon as priests receiving power from God to preach out the new religion. For what has already been mentioned, I can now see a strong relationship between the traditional beliefs in the mat system and Christianity. Today, mat system played an important part in the new religion. In the pre- Christianity era, chiefs were believed to have powers that can meditate with the ancient gods. When missionaries arrived, they assumed new roles. They became deacons in the church. It was so obvious that many of these traditional practices and beliefs have helped greatly in accepting and understanding Christianity. I believe the Samoan society was always flexible ever since the start of their civilization. With this flexibility, Christianity was able to integrate with the traditional Samoan beliefs. As a result, it seems the new religion had to be taken up and practiced as if it was truly part of the ancient Samoan society. In conclusion, I believe the structural set up of the mat system served as a basis for the continuing strength of the Fashion (Samoan way). The continuing strength f the Fashion was to a great extent due to fact that an authority did not come to bear all the weight of the emotional, political, social and religious attachment to the people to their culture. The culture and the religious beliefs had helped making the people remain Samoan. I also believe the mat system had a strong relation and religious connection to the ancient indigenous religion. After gathering all the necessary information and specific evidence, it proved me that the mat system not only had similarities with Christianity, it was very easy for the people to accept the new religion into their indigenous society. How to cite Faamatai: Traditional Religious System, Papers

Un Drama Nuevo Essay Research Paper Un free essay sample

Un Drama Nuevo Essay, Research Paper Un Drama Nuevo Argumento: Esta obra tiene un argumento muy interesante Y un poco confuso. Empieze con Yorick hablando a Guillermo Shakespeare sobre un papel del teatro. Yorick Es un histrion de la compa? ? a teatral de Shakespeare. Por lo general, hace los papeles de comediante, pero quiere hacer el papel del protagonista de una tragedia. Esta tragedia Es un play nuevo por un autor desconocido. Shakespeare cede, pero despu? s de mucho convencer. El papel tr? gico Es de un Conde que Se entera de que su esposa Es infiel. La cosa Se complica, wickedness trade stoppage, por Department of State razones. Primer, otro histrion, Walton, quer? a EL mismo papel Y quiere vengarse. Segundo, en la realidad, la esposa de Yorick, Alicia, es infiel Ys ella hace EL papel de la esposa infiel de la obra mientras su amante, Edmundo, hace EL papel del amante en La obra. Todo el mundo, menos Yorick, sabe del cubic decimeter? o entre Alicia Y Edmundo. Yorick est? sospechoso de su esposa, pero nunca sospechar? a a Edmundo, a quien considera un hijo. La noche del estreno, Walton se pone muy envidioso cuando oye los aplausos no parity? cubic decimeter sino parity Yorick. Walton descubre una carta que Edmundo hour angle escrito a Alicia que revela Sus planes a escapar EL vitamin D? a siguiente por un barco. El personaje de Walton se debiera darle al personaje de Yorick una carta que revela quien Es el amante de su esposa ( el personaje de Alicia ) . En vez de darle una carta blanca, Walton, en un arranque de envidia, le district attorney La carta de Edmundo a Alicia, a pesar de los esfuerzos de Shakespeara por impedirlo. A este punto, el argumento del play Se convierte en la realidad cuando Yorick Se district attorney cuenta de que Edmundo es el amante de Alicia. Las palabras de los personajes se hacen las palabras de las personas mismas. El five tr? gic o del cuento Es la muerte de Edmundo, por la espada de Yorick, y la muerte de Walton, en un desaf? o callejero. Una Cr? tica: Disfrut? La obra, Un Drama Nuevo, por Manuel Tamayo y Baus mucho. De la primera escena Al? ltimo, captaba Toda myocardial infarction atenci? n. Es una obra intensa, en que se quiere que todo sale bien, pero EL five inevitable Es La tragedia. Esta pieza cod? a ser considerada tan buena como una de Shakespeare mismo. El uso de Shakespeare como un personaje Y La muchas referencias a Sus obras es thought original vitamin E ingeniosa. Recomendar? a que todo el mundo lea O vea esta obra. Esta obra es una tragedia. El pobre Yorick Es EL protagonista de esta obra. Durante Toda La acci? n? fifty no sabe de su propia situaci? n aunque EL P? blico Y otros personajes La saben. Esta es La Fe? a tr? gica de la obra ; no obstante, hay m? s Fe? a porque Yorick quiere hacer el papel tr? gico del marido enga? ado Y die **Ning? n otro papel me cuadrar? a menos que el de marido celoso. ** Otro ejemplo de la Fe? a que lleva Al five tr? gico Es EL enga? o de Shakespeare Po R Walton con La cartas. Walton le da a Shakespeare La carta blanca que es parte de la utiler? a de la obra y le entrega a Yorick La carta de amor de Edmundo. Todas estas Fe? as culminan en el entendimiento de Yorick de que Edmundo es el amante de Alicia. Esto es su propio destrucci? n Y tambi? n resulta en la destrucci? n por la muerte de Walton y Edmundo. Aunque Edmundo no hour angle muerto, hour angle sido destru? do como character. Las palabras de Shakespeare representan bien La destrucci? n concluding: **Rogad por los muertes. ? Ay, rogad tambi? n por los matadores! ** Otra T? cnica teatral que Se encuentra nut esta pieza Es el metateatro. Hay Department of State tragedias en esta obra que corre parejas: La de Edmundo y la de su personaje. Las personas corren parejas a Sus personajes en el play nuevo. La esposa infiel del play nuevo es una esposa infiel en La realidad. Esto es La verdad con los otros, tambi? N: Edmundo, el amante ; Yorick, el marido enga? bustle ; y Walton, el mensajero de las malas noticias. La primera vez que La realidad une con EL teatro es cuando Yorick recita Sus cubic decimeter? neas, **Tiemble La esposa infiel, tiemble, ** Y Alicia Se desmaya. M? s tarde esta juntura Es completa con la entrega de la carta. Como fue mencionado en la explicaci? n del argumento, a este punto, la realidad y el teatro boy lo mismo. Este demuestra EL tema que todas Las personas del mundo boy actores y actrizes Y adem? a significa La semejanza entre lo que es existent Y lo que no Es. ? Cu? cubic decimeter Es La realidad Y copper? l no Es? ? Cu? ndo est? n character fingiendo y cuando no? Creo que estas boy preguntas que Tamayo y Baus quer? a que nos preguntemos. Tamayo y Baus utiliza La prefiguraci? n excelente parity desorollar EL argumento. Si notamos estas pistas, podemos comprender mejor La obra. Unos ejemplos de la prefiguraci? n que Se usan incluyen en la primera escena las palabras de Shakespeare, **Desdichado Yorick, ** cuando Yorick refiere a Edmundo Y Alicia como Romeo y Juliet, mostrando que ya sabe del Cupid secreto. M? s tarde, en el acto segundo cuando Yorick habla de su curiosidad, Walton refiere a Ad? n Y Eva. Su curiosidad lleva a ellos a su ca? da Y este advierte del destino de Yorick. Un ejemplo concluding de la prefiguraci? n Es Las palabras de Shakespeare, cuando Se district attorney cuenta de que ha sido enga? bustle: **La serpiente hour angle enga? ado Al lupus erythematosus? N. ? Aplaste el lupus erythematosus? n a La serpiente! ** Un poco desp? Es, Walton Se muere. La prefiguraci? N est? usado por EL libro para a? adir Al incertidumbre Y standard pressure? sfera intensa. Tamayo y Baus combina dos tragedias con EL metateatro Y usa La prefiguraci? n parity desarollar EL argumento. Adem? s, hour angle usado La vida Y obras de Shakespeare en desarollar una obra como ning? n otro. No solamente es Un Drama Nuevo un cuento excelente Y absorbente, pero tambi? n contiene muchos elementos teatrales desarollados por el autor parity hacer esta obra una de las mejores que he le? make. 323

Purism Essay Example

Purism Essay In his essay, Purism and LEsprit Nouveau, David Batchelor characterizes the Purist movement as a serious, thoughtful and ambitious project. Purism was Modern Art movement that was founded in France during the 1920s. It was a movement that was spearheaded by artists Charles-Edouard Jeanneret and Amde Ozenfant in their publication entitled LEspirit Nouveau. In general, the Purists considered logic, order, and control to be some of the most valuable qualities to exist in works of art. The emphasis in Purism was most heavily placed in rationality, clarity of conception, and precision of execution. The Purists were critical, on the other hand, of the capricious qualities of art, and emphasized that art should not merely aim to please the senses.Which basically meant that any excess of decoration was considered to compromise the purity of the artwork. Due to the mostly schematic qualities of Purist artwork, according to Batchelor, it was often compared to the Cubist movement. While Jean neret and Ozenfant considered Purism to have, in fact, evolved from Cubism, they also believed it had transcended beyond the principles of Cubism into something more ambitious. Their belief was based on the idea that Cubist collages and paintings were often somewhat ambiguous, and were unified by connecting and overlapping shapes. This resulted in a sometimes diagram-like organization. While the Purists maintained a schematic quality similar to the Cubists, in contrast they kept the objects on the canvas separated and placed in a delegated space as opposed to connected and overlapping. This focus on process aligns Purism with the larger concepts of modernism. The purists also saw the industrialization of the modernist movement as a positive sign of uniformity and mass productive design, which required any inessential ornamentation to be eliminated from the design, therefo

Biography of Cambodia Politician Pol Pot

Biography of Cambodia Politician Pol Pot Pol Pot. The name is synonymous with horror. Even in the blood-drenched annals of twentieth-century history, Pol Pots Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia stands out for the sheer scale and senselessness of its atrocities. In the name of creating an agrarian communist revolution, Pol Pot and his underlings killed at least 1.5 million of their own people in the infamous Killing Fields. They wiped out between 1/4 and 1/5 of the countrys entire population. Who would do this to their own nation? What kind of monster kills millions in the name of erasing a century of modernization? Who was Pol Pot? Early Life A child named Saloth Sar was born in March of 1925, in the little fishing village of Prek Sbav, French Indochina. His family was ethnically mixed, Chinese and Khmer, and comfortably middle-class. They owned fifty acres of rice paddies, which was ten times as much as most of their neighbors, and a large house that stood on stilts in case the river flooded. Saloth Sar was the eighth of their nine children. Saloth Sars family had connections with the Cambodian royal family. His aunt had a post in the future King Norodoms household, and his first cousin Meak, as well as his sister Roeung, served as royal concubines. Saloth Sars elder brother Suong was also an officer at the palace. When Saloth Sar was ten years old, his family sent him 100 miles south to the capital city of Phnom Penh to attend the Ecole Miche, a French Catholic school. He was not a good student. Later, the boy transferred to a technical school in Kompong Cham, where he studied carpentry. His academic struggles during his youth would actually stand him in good stead for decades to come, given the Khmer Rouges anti-intellectual policies. French Technical College Probably because of his connections rather than his scholastic record, the government gave him the scholarship to travel to Paris, and pursue higher education in the field of electronics and radio technology at the Ecole Francaise dElectronique et dInformatique (EFRIE). Saloth Sar was in France from 1949 to 1953; he spent most of his time learning about Communism rather than electronics. Inspired by Ho Chi Minhs declaration of Vietnamese independence from France, Saloth joined the Marxist Circle, which dominated the Khmer Students Association in Paris. He also joined the French Communist Party (PCF), which lionized the uneducated rural peasantry as the true proletariat, in opposition to Karl Marxs designation of the urban factory-workers as the proletariat. Return to Cambodia Saloth Sar flunked out of college in 1953. Upon his return to Cambodia, he scouted out the various anti-government rebel groups for the PCF and reported that the Khmer Viet Minh was the most effective. Cambodia became independent in 1954 along with Vietnam and Laos, as part of the Geneva Agreement which France used to extract itself from the Vietnam War. Prince Sihanouk played the different political parties in Cambodia off against one another and fixed elections; nonetheless, the leftist opposition was too weak to seriously challenge him either at the ballot box or through a guerrilla war. Saloth Sar became a go-between for the officially recognized left-wing parties and the communist underground. On July 14, 1956, Saloth Sar married teacher Khieu Ponnary. Somewhat incredibly, he got work as a lecturer in French history and literature at a college called Chamraon Vichea. By all reports, his students loved the soft-spoken and friendly teacher. He would soon move up within the communist sphere, as well. Pol Pot Assumes Control of Communists Throughout 1962, the Cambodian government cracked down on communist and other left-wing parties. It arrested party members, shut down their newspapers, and even killed important communist leaders while they were in custody. As a result, Saloth Sar moved up the ranks of surviving party members. In early 1963, a small group of survivors elected Saloth as Secretary of the Communist Central Committee of Cambodia. By March, he had to go into hiding when his name appeared on a list of people wanted for questioning in connection with leftist activities. Saloth Sar escaped to North Vietnam, where he made contact with a Viet Minh unit. With support and cooperation from the much better-organized Vietnamese Communists, Saloth Sar arranged for a Cambodian Central Committee meeting early in 1964. The Central Committee called for armed struggle against the Cambodian government, (rather ironically) for self-reliance in the sense of independence from the Vietnamese Communists, and for a revolution based on the agrarian proletariat, or peasantry, rather than the working class as Marx envisioned it. When Prince Sihanouk unleashed another crack-down against leftists in 1965, a number of elites such as teachers and college students fled the cities and joined the nascent Communist guerrilla movement taking shape in the countryside. In order to become revolutionaries, however, they had to give up their books and drop out. They would become the first members of the Khmer Rouge. Khmer Rouge Take-Over of Cambodia In 1966, Saloth Sar returned to Cambodia and renamed the party the CPK: Communist Party of Kampuchea. The party began to plan for a revolution, but was caught off-guard when peasants across the country rose up in anger over the high price of food in 1966; the CPK was left standing. It wasnt until January 18, 1968, that the CPK started its uprising, with an attack on an army base near Battambang. Although the Khmer Rouge did not overrun the base entirely, they were able to seize a weapons cache which they turned against the police in villages across Cambodia. As violence escalated, Prince Sihanouk went to Paris, then ordered protesters to picket the Vietnamese embassies in Phnom Penh. When the protests got out of hand, between March 8 and 11, he then denounced the protesters for destroying the embassies as well as ethnic Vietnamese churches and homes. The National Assembly learned of this capricious chain of events and voted Sihanouk out of power on March 18, 1970. Although the Khmer Rouge had consistently railed against Sihanouk in its propaganda, the Chinese and Vietnamese communist leaders convinced him to support the Khmer Rouge. Sihanouk went on the radio and called for the Cambodian people to take up arms against the government, and fight for the Khmer Rouge. Meanwhile, the North Vietnamese army also was invading Cambodia, pressing the Cambodian army back to less than 25 kilometers from Phnom Penh. Cambodian Genocide In the name of agrarian communism, the Khmer Rouge decided to completely and immediately remake Cambodian society as a utopian farming nation, free of all foreign influence and the trappings of modernity. They immediately abolished all private property and seized all products of field or factory. The people who lived in cities and towns, some 3.3 million, were driven out to work in the countryside. They were labeled depositees, and were given very short rations with the intention of starving them to death. When party leader Hou Youn objected to the emptying of Phnom Penh, Pol Pot labeled him a traitor; Hou Youn disappeared. Pol Pots regime targeted intellectuals, including anyone with an education, or with foreign contacts, as well as anyone from the middle or upper classes. Such people were tortured horrifically, including by electrocution, pulling out of finger and toenails, and being skinned alive, before they were killed. All of the doctors, the teachers, the Buddhist monks and nuns, and the engineers died. All of the national armys officers were executed. Love, sex, and romance were outlawed, and the state had to approve marriages. Anyone caught being in love or having sex without official permission was executed. Children were not allowed to go to school or to play, they were expected to work and would be summarily killed if they balked. Incredibly, the people of Cambodia did not really know who was doing this to them. Saloth Sar, now known to his associates as Pol Pot, never revealed his identity or that of his party to the ordinary people. Intensely paranoid, Pol Pot reportedly refused to sleep in the same bed two nights in a row for fear of assassination. The Angka included only 14,000 members, but through secrecy and terror tactics, they ruled a country of 8 million citizens absolutely. Those people who were not killed immediately worked in the fields from sun-up to sun-down, seven days a week. They were separated from their families, ate in communal dining messes, and slept in military-style barracks. The government confiscated all consumer goods, piling vehicles, refrigerators, radios, and air conditioners up in the streets and burning them. Among the activities utterly banned were music-making, prayer, using money and reading. Anyone who disobeyed these restrictions ended up in an extermination center or got a swift ax-blow to the head in one of the Killing Fields. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge sought nothing less than the reversal of hundreds of years of progress. They were willing and able to erase not only the symbols of modernization but also the people associated with it. Initially, the elites bore the brunt of Khmer Rouge excesses, but by 1977 even peasants (base people) were being massacred for offenses such as using happy words. Nobody knows exactly how many Cambodians were murdered during Pol Pots reign of terror, but the lower estimates tend to cluster around 1.5 million, while others estimate 3 million, out of a total population of just over 8 million. Vietnam Invades Throughout Pol Pots reign, border skirmishes flared from time to time with the Vietnamese. A May 1978 uprising by non-Khmer Rouge communists in eastern Cambodia prompted Pol Pot to call for the extermination of all Vietnamese (50 million people), as well as of the 1.5 million Cambodians in the eastern sector. He made a start on this plan, massacring more than 100,000 of the eastern Cambodians by the end of the year. However, Pol Pots rhetoric and actions gave the Vietnamese government a reasonable pretext for war. Vietnam launched an all-out invasion of Cambodia and overthrew Pol Pot. He fled to the Thai borderlands, while the Vietnamese installed a new, more moderate communist government in Phnom Penh. Continued Revolutionary Activity Pol Pot was put on trial in absentia in 1980, and sentenced to death. Nonetheless, from his hideout in the Malai district of Banteay Meanchey Province, near the Cambodia/Thailand border, he continued to direct Khmer Rouge actions against the Vietnamese-controlled government for years. He announced his retirement in 1985, supposedly due to problems with asthma, but continued to direct the Khmer Rouge behind the scenes. Frustrated, the Vietnamese attacked the western provinces and drove the Khmer guerrillas into Thailand; Pol Pot would live in Trat, Thailand for several years. In 1989, the Vietnamese withdrew their troops from Cambodia. Pol Pot had been living in China, where he underwent treatment for facial cancer. He soon returned to western Cambodia but refused to take part in negotiations for a coalition government. A hardcore of Khmer Rouge loyalists continued to terrorize the western regions of the country and waged guerrilla war on the government. In June of 1997, Pol Pot was arrested and put on trial only for the murder of his friend Son Sen. He was sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his life. Death and Legacy On April 15, 1998, Pol Pot heard the news on a Voice of America radio program that he was going to be turned over to an international tribunal for trial. He died that night; the official cause of death was heart failure, but his hasty cremation raised suspicions that it might have been suicide. In the end, it is difficult to assess Pol Pots legacy. Certainly, he was one of the bloodiest tyrants in history. His delusional plan for reforming Cambodia did set the country back, but it hardly created an agrarian utopia. Indeed, it is only after four decades that Cambodias wounds are beginning to heal, and some sort of normalcy is returning to this utterly ravaged nation. But a visitor does not even have to scratch the surface to find the scars of Cambodias Orwellian nightmare under the rule of Pol Pot. Source: Becker, Elizabeth. When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution, Public Affairs, 1998. Kiernan, Ben. The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, Hartford: Yale University Press, 2008. Short, Philip. Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare, New York: MacMillan, 2006.

Professional Practice in Critical Care - Critical Incident Analysis Essay

Professional Practice in Critical Care - Critical Incident Analysis - Essay Example The process of withdrawal of ventilatory support was also explained to the parents. However they did not want the ventilatory support to be withdrawn till the patient’s sister had arrived from Canada in 48 hrs. Despite further explanations regarding the concept of brain stem death, the family threatened legal action for withdrawal of ventilatory support . The following day a senior consultant and senior nurse in the ICU came into the unit and were informed of the situation and intervened. After lengthy discussions with the parents, ventilatory support was withdrawn. The heart stopped beating shortly after. The reason for examining these features in the case study is to gain an insight into the errors in the system and clarify human error in the cause of such incidents. This is a key characteristic of critical incident reporting (Buckley, Short, Rowbottom & Oh, 1997). A review of these features helps in highlighting the problems and paves the way for quality assurance through implementation of preventative measures to control such incidents. By analysing these key features, the critical incident analysis assists in identifying areas of improvement within the ICU. Brain stem death has been accepted as death of the individual in the United Kingdom since 1976, when the royal colleges published criteria for making a diagnosis of what was then called brain death (Royal Colleges, 1976). With advances in life support, the line between who is alive and who is dead has become blurred (Capron ,1995).Life support technologies introduced in the 20th century have produced a new kind of patient - one whose brain does not function, but whose heart and lungs continue to work (Center for Bio Ethics, 2005). Trachtman (2003) states that â€Å"technological advances in sustaining life might increase the difficulty in making the diagnosis of death†. And, while medicine diagnoses brain stem death as death, it may still be difficult for family to accept the death while the

Deer Valley Lodge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deer Valley Lodge - Research Paper Example In making a decision of an investment, value of NPV is critical in deciding if an investment is good or not. A positive value means that an investment is good, but a negative value means that the investment is not worth it. In this case, the value is positive; therefore, I would advise the management to go ahead and invest in the project (Megginson et al. 252). The net income from the investment annually is $560,000. The tax rate on income is 40% leaving us with 60%. 40% of $560,000 is $224,000, meaning that the after-tax net income is $336,000. The rate of return due to taxation consideration is expected to drop down to 8%, therefore, the MACRS recovery period is 10 years in order to save on tax costs. The new NPV will mean $336,000 is multiplied by the factor 9.818. This will with NPV of $3,298,848. Here, there is a new twist as the investment is to be depreciated within 10 years. Some money will be saved on taxes by this move. To find the tax savings, the initial investment ($3,300,000) is multiplied by the tax rate to get $1,320,000. The tax savings are then multiplied by the 8% discount rate for ten years resulting in $931,788, tax savings NPV. $931,788 is then added to $3,298,848 to get $4,230,636. Compared to the $3,300,000, the initial investment we get a resulting figure of $930,636. This is a very big investment as it earns bette r results than the first scenario with the kind of returns it gives. The scenarios painted in the two parts above are just estimates on paper that are hoped will be the case. The figures are assumed that they will remain consistent, but in reality many things could change that might affect the envisioned income streams from the investment. Deer Valley is a resort that depends on the choice of tourists to flock and use the facilities. Many factors can change the situation including weather conditions like heavy rainfall, delayed snowfall which will come at the supposed peak season or any other natural calamity/disaster

Business Analysis of Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Analysis of Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example Wal-Mart is among the top ranked discount stores in USA and it is also leader of the country’s retail industry.The store was the first one to introduce the concept of providing low price goods and services to customers at their convenience by locating its stores nearby customers’ residency. The store was the first one to introduce the concept of providing low price goods and services to customers at their convenience by locating its stores nearby customers’ residency. In 1962, first Wal-Mart store was opened in Rogers, Arkansas. According to Freeman (2006), Wal-Mart is given the top ranking in terms of the total sales that are made by the store alone. The retail offers variety of products that comprise of family apparel, electronics, household needs, electronics, fabrics, jewellery, shoes, crafts, health and beauty products and lawn and garden accessories along with pharmacy store, Photo processing centre and Tire and Lube Express (Walmart Stores, 2012). In 1991, Wal-Mart opened its first store in Mexico and marked the beginning of its international operations. Currently, Wal-Mart has about 10,185 stores and also locations of clubs in almost twenty-seven countries; it is employing more than 2.2 million people who are serving approximately 176 million numbers of customers every year (Next-Generation Wal-Mart, 2012). The annual growth rate of store is about 22% in country and internationally it is about 58% (Ambartsoumian, 2011). Financial Statements Analysis In order to evaluate the performance of any business, it is important to analyze its performance both from its financial statements and by doing comparison with its competitors. First, it is important to review the performance of Wal-Mart in the last couple of years which can be extracted from evaluation of its financial statements. The summary of financial performance of Wal-Mart is represented in the form of table after analyzing its Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Statement of Cas h Flows (ttm stands for Trailing Twelve Months): The above table shows that company’s performance is increasing despite recession going on in the world. Management of the store is effective as is evident from the ratios of Return on Assets and Return on Equity; it shows that management is performing its function properly so that store’s performance gets boosted. Wal-Mart’s financial statements’ analysis shows that it is still in multi-billion bracket and is also paying off good amount of dividends to its shareholders. One area of concern is total debt to equity ratio which is higher; the company that is performing well has lower debt to equity ratio. The main reason for increase in debt is its heavy investment done in technological avenues which were done via loans from banks and financial institutions. The current ration of store is also less than 1 which is not a good indication because it shows that current assets of store are less than current liabili ties. Although considering its stock market performance which is showing increasing trend but there are some issues internally that needs to be addressed. Since the competition in retail industry is getting competitive, it is mandatory for the stores to ensure that they can compete with the existing and new entrants in the market. Overall, financial health of store is fine and smoothly progressing in retail industry; it is expected to grow exponentially worldwide. However, the main area of concern for management team is its current ration and rise in expenses; the team will have to ensure that it is able to pay off its debts well within agreed time period. Competitor Analysis The main competitors of Wal-Mart are Target Corporation and Costco. According to Ambartsoumian (2011), discount retailers growth

Analysing The Junk Food Generation English Language Essay

Analysing The Junk Food Generation English Language Essay Adults and children nowadays eat fast food without knowing its effects on the body and general health, therefore we shall realize the nutritional value of what we eat in order to understand whether we need it or not. In that paper I will talk about junk food discussing its history, reasons of rapid spread all around the world, its harmful effects, and the possible solution for that problem. Introduction: Fast food (Junk food) refers to food that is easily and quickly prepared, however, it refers mainly to the food that is prepared from precooked or preheated ingredients then packed and sold in stores or restaurants. In 1951 the word Fast food was first introduced in the Merriam-Webster dictionary. Junk or fast foods taste good and are rich in calories but they are of a very low nutritional value, Fast foods are usually rich in sugar, rich in fats or rich in salt. There are many examples of junk food such as Pizza, French Fries, Burgers, hotdogs, fried food, candy, ice cream, and soda pop. Other kinds of junk food are just like the imitation juice that you find nowadays in most of the markets, you may think it is healthy but the truth is that it has loads and loads of sugar, artificial flavors, and so little of the pure natural juice. Fast food has appeared in the world during Ancient Rome age, they sold wine and bread in the streets of the cities, also in the Far East noodles were prepared and sold while in the Middle East there were the flafel and the flatbread, Indians introduced dahi vada, vada pav, and panipuri. Although fast food is tasty and delicious, it has many disadvantages, people must nowadays be aware of those disadvantages, fast food has real damage on the human health, and the most important bad effects that the fast food may cause are obesity, high cholesterol level, cardiovascular disorders, and nutritional deficiencies. Actually fast food may not contain any nutritional benefits to the body because it usually contains harmful fats, carbohydrates, and cholesterol that dont provide the body with any useful energy. Consuming fast food is increasing in a very rapid way nowadays and that increase is cause mainly by 3 main reasons which are: Convenience: Since it is fast and we live our lives in a hurry nowadays, there is no time to prepare healthy and well prepared food. Ads: Advertisement is the Fast Food marketers weapon; they use anything possible to advertise including TV commercials, Radio stations, vending machines and internet pop-ups. Lack of discipline: and that is another important reason, and may be the most important one but I will talk about it in details later. Fast food is a real problem that has many horrible and sometimes fatal effects on people especially youth and children, in that paper I will discuss in details the effects of junk food on the individual, the society and the world. And I will also talk about the possible solutions for that problem. Body: The Junk food planet: People around the world are of different races, languages, borders, and religions; however, they may have the same problems, views, and tastes. Media devices have helped in uniting those things; it made the world as if it is just one small village. Our ancestors used to respect their planet, they took care of their health, and on the other hand we looked for Fast food. Nowadays everyone eats fast food, especially the new generation that loves and eats only the fast food. A lot of parents all around the world may give their kids sugary fast food in order to be hyperactive, and afterwards, their children complain and feel sick, therefore they take their children to doctors who will prescribe some medications that will cure the symptom not the cause, despite of not being in need to those medications if they just changed their diet. Reasons of the increased consumption of junk food: There are many reasons beyond the increased consumption of fast food around the world, the most common reasons are: Convenience: You wake up early in the morning with very little or no energy, even if you slept for the regular eight hours, you will still feel tired, you find no time to make breakfast then you say to yourself that you will just get something on your way to work, you stop by any supermarket and buy some doughnuts and a soft drink (e.g. Soda), you believe that the sugar in those products will give you power and energy, you work for about eight hours and then you find yourself hungry again, you are so tired, you dont want to bother yourself by making lunch so you order junk food again. In general, nowadays we live a very fast life; you have no time to cook healthy food so you choose the easier way which is the junk food even if it was lower in its nutritional value. Advertisements: Marketers of the junk food use every possible way to advertise, they use TV, Radio, and internet. Television is known to have a very powerful effect on people; therefore marketers use advertisements that reach the mind of a lot of consumers, because advertisements wash away our fears and suspects and give us another beautiful image and that is just what the marketers want. Most of the advertisements aim for the children, and it was reported food ads that appear during childrens T.V. programs are 25%, in India they are approximately 50% while in Pakistan they are 75%. Since 1980 there was an obvious increase in the childrens advertisements, they were used not only to affect the children then but to increase the future fast food consumption also; they targeted children because they know the influence that children may have on their parents, and to create loyal future consumers. Fast food marketers would do anything and would pay huge amounts of money in advertising especially for the children including games, contests and toys; they use cartoon and comics to advertise. For example, Burger King was the first to give the children free toys with their meals, in 1999 it was reported that Burger King featured more than 50,000,000 toys. The Sales of Burger King in the USA were doubled that year. Marketer used everything; they used movie stars, sports famous players, and pop singers. Pepsi used Pink, Britney Spears and Beyonce Knowles, while McDonalds used Justin Timberlake in their latest campaign Im lovin it they offered him $6,000,000. In conclusion, children are very important customers in the market because of the great effect they have on their parents, in the past mothers were more powerful than the market power, but those days are gone nowadays, it was reported that most of parents nowadays were influenced by their children mainly in their marketing decisions especially when it is related to food, therefore marketers need only to persuade the children, and wait for them to convince their parents. Lack of discipline: Nowadays, the new generation has a very weak personality, they didnt suffer the fears of wars, they have everything easy and available, thus they have no inner strength, they dont understand the value of life or health, they may know the consequences of eating a lot of fast food, and nevertheless they buy it because of lacking of discipline. Parents also became very weak; they try to be more friendly with their children, so they respond to every single demand, they feed them according to their desire not what is healthier for them and for their bodies. Effects of Junk food on health: Junk food has many bad effects on health, they include: Effects on blood pressure: Fast food contains high amounts of Na++ (Sodium) that lead to high blood pressure, it was stated that the adults body require only 1200-1500 milligram of sodium every day, so when you realize that the normal table salt contains about forty per cent sodium and that a teaspoon of salt may contain about 2400 milligram of sodium, and that high amounts of sodium leads certainly to high blood pressure, you will realize what risks fast food may lead to. Cholesterol: Junk food that contains meat contains bad cholesterol that has dangerous effects on the human body and general health, the accumulation of cholesterol molecules in arteries will result in their thickening and clogging that will in return result in congestion of blood vessels and will obstruct the normal blood flow which will lead to disorders in the blood pressure, and if the artery affected was one of those that carry blood to the heart, it will may lead to a heart attack, and in complicated cases it may cause heart failure. Trans Fats: Trans fats are considered to be the worst type of fats, and it is present in Junk food with high amounts, trans fat is very harmful because it reduces the levels of good cholesterol in addition to increasing the levels of bad cholesterol. It was reported that fast food contains 45 per cent of trans fats more than normal and well prepared food. Effects on the cardiovascular system and vascular function: About 40 per cent of children and 37 per cent of adults depend mainly on junk food in their lives, they have higher levels of fats, saturated fats, energy, soda drinks, and sodium, and on the other hand lower intake of milk, vegetables, fruit and essential vitamins such as C and A. Fast food consumption was proved to have bad effects on the CVS (Cardio Vascular System) in general because fast food lead to gaining weight and insulin resistance, and on the long term fast food causes disorders in the endothelial functions and marked increase in the oxidative stress, and as a further complication, both oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction develop atherosclerosis, and this may end in cardiovascular failure and death. On the other hand well prepared meals such as the Mediterranean or the vegetarian food contain low unsaturated fats and higher content of vitamins therefore it may be considered a protective diet, for example when you take high doses of antioxidant vitamins (CE) they will prevent endothelial dysfunction. Obesity: It was stated by the Worldwatch Institute that the number of adults that have obesity nowadays are the same number of those who suffer from underweight. Children obesity has become epidemic in many countries, there are more than 17,000,000 children that are 5 years old suffer from obesity all around the world. Obesity causes many health complications, it causes both psychological and physical disorders, the prognosis is very poor with possible subsequent cardiovascular diseases, some kinds of cancer, and premature death. Other complications: Effects on energy: Fast food doesnt contain any or very low nutritional components, on the contrary, it is composed of harmful fats, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, therefore it doesnt provide your body with any energy, and body weakness. Low concentration: Fast food contains high levels of fat and oil that are difficult to be digested, so the body spends more amounts of enzymes and blood. That means that when you eat a lot of junk food, blood goes mainly you the intestine, therefore you may feel drowsy and lose concentration. Liver failure: Liver may get damaged due to the high amounts of salt, cholesterol, and fat that are present in most of the junk food. Diabetes Mellitus: Fast food may cause damage to pancreas and that may lead to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Junk food and the children of Egypt: In Egypt mothers chose the easiest way to feed their children nowadays, they feed their own kids pizza and soda without knowing that this junk food is very harmful for them, it was reported by a physician at el Qasr Al-Aini hospital that about 7 kids were being treated from apnea in just 3 months, Apnea is a sleeping disorder that happens when fats block the pulmonary air paths, that means that those kids were choking by their own fat. Children of Egypt today drink soda more than milk, and it was reported that 10% of male teenagers from thirteen to eighteen years old drink about 7 cans of soda daily, while 10% of the females may drink about 5 daily, however, soda has horrible effects on the body where it causes bone weakness and osteoporosis. Recommendations: Ban junk food advertising for kids under twelve years old. (Sweden has done this already, so it is possible) Decrease the number of the fast food advertisements during the kids shows and programmes.(South Korea limited the Ads number to 10%) Health messages in kids shows and Ads Eat well prepared home-made food. Avoid junk food specially French fries Soda drinks Breakfast cereals Pizza White bread Donuts Chocolates and candies Decaffeinated coffee Ice cream Conclusion Junk food consumption has increased nowadays; both developing and developed countries suffer from this problem. The main reason for the increased consumption of fast food especially among our kids is the advertisements; however, we bear high responsibility also, because we let them eat what they want to eat with no restrictions even if it was harmful for their health and bodies. Fast food has many horrible effects on the human body such as weakness, loss of energy, loss of concentration, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, apnea, liver diseases, and high blood pressure Children in Egypt today depend on junk food as their main source of nutrition, and that must be prevented by the parents and shown in the children programmes if we want to get a healthy and a strong new generation.

Ibsens Roles Essay -- essays research papers

The movement from nineteenth-century Romanticism to twentieth-century Realism in art and literature sought to accurately reflect real life instead of idealizing it. Playwrights all over Europe and America rebelled against the established standards of a "well-made play". They shocked, as well as horrified their audience, by abstaining from writing a resolution, or an "ideal ending" in their plays. These innovators insisted on presenting social issues in a dramatic scenario, and imposed their discussions onto their audience. Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, the "Father of Realism" was one of the main advocates for social revolution. He was notorious for weaving controversial topics into his plays, as well as for including female leads. He knew very well that society’s oppression over women was a prime example of the hamper it placed over every person’s potential. Writing about women allowed him to make a universal call, not only to wo men, but to every sentient being. His plays cried out for the individual’s emancipation. In A Doll’s House , Ibsen portrayed the altruistic nature instilled into women by society, the consequential stunt of their development, and the need for them to find their own voice in a world dominated by men. For ages, society has taught women to set aside their own needs and to focus on those of her husband and children. Women have been forced to be passive, gentle creatures who must also be willing to sacrifice themselves for others. Nora, the protagonist in the play, expresses her intention in protecting her husband at any price, "Torvald, with all his masculine pride--how painfully humiliating for him if he ever found out he was in debt to me." Nora will not admit to Torvald that she has saved his life, for he will most likely acquire an inadequacy complex for his inability to be in control over every aspect of his life. She prefers to be deprived of the credit she deserves than to hurt Torvald’s manly ego. She allows Torvald to treat her like a mischievous little spendthrift although he is not aware that "she had scrimped and skeletonized her own needs so that Helmer and the children had been deprived of nothing" (Salomà ©, 46). Nora has selflessly given up any extra money for herself so that her children ... ...surpass those needed to carry out menial tasks at home. When Torvald calls her a "blind, incompetent child", Nora assertively responds, "I must learn to be competent, Torvald". Because Nora was always submitted herself to Torvald’s expectations, she is not aware of her own capacity. Only by leaving Torvald and her seemingly happy home, will she have enough focus on her own person to discover her own potential for success. The family is a microcosm of society; any problem that can arise within this institution is a direct reflection of a problem faced by society. Ibsen takes advantage of this knowledge and focuses on women and their shackled autonomy. He certainly is a master at presenting us a glimpse of ourselves in our daily life experiences, and leaving us questioning society in the end. By using Nora as the protagonist in A Doll’s House , he shows people that a hint of selfishness is much better than blind altruism, that choosing to reject this knowledge will only be self-destructive to a person, and embracing this knowledge can help one break out of society’s manacles and into a quest for freedom.

Human civilization Essay

The history of hotels is closely related to human civilization. In the times of Greeks baths were common for recreation. In the middle Ages inns and monasteries were familiar places for weary travelers to stay. However the real trend of hotels and resort took a boom in the late 19th and 20th centuries. After World War II; in 1950s, the hotel industry roared. The era was notable for construction of great hotels and resorts. One main reason for such boom was the advent of airlines industry that made traveling easier. In the sixties new tourists flourished from Spain to Greece and Turkey giving rise to countless resorts and beach hotels in the continent opening their doors to international customers providing them relaxed vacations on distant shores. The trend was followed in the Portugal and Scandinavian countries as well. 1970s ushered the age of business travel as airline industry attached itself to hotels and resorts. One main reason for such trend was the newfound prosperity in the Middle East; which paved the way for the development of great hotels chains in the Arab countries. The end of seventies saw China opening its door to foreigners that helped in boosting its tourist industry. It was early 1980s that set the pace of great luxury and style for the new clients who were willing to spend on luxury. In 1984 Turkey started to transform itself leading great wave of speedy hotel and resort construction increasing its status as a top tourism destination. The eighties saw change of heart in Far East countries; such as China, Japan, Korea and Thailand expanding their economies and attracting international tourists. The nineties were influenced by IT making online booking and reservation a hassle free way of booking hotel rooms. Thus we can say that the last five decades hotel industry has been helping in expanding economies of tourist destinations. Hotel industry is no longer an isolated industry ,but designers developers and engineers and managers are constantly working together to provide guests their taste of luxury. Reference Jacques Levy-Bonvin, Hotels, A Brief History. Retrieved November 19, 2006, Web site: http://www. hospitalitynet. org/news/4017990 HISTORY OF LODGING . Retrieved November 19, 2006, Web site: http://www. ahla. com/products_lodging_history. asp http://www. marketresearch. com/land/product. asp? productid=1125075&progid=3602

Essay on Lils Marketing Plan

Essay on Lils Marketing Plan Essay on Lils Marketing Plan Marketing Plan for Lil’s Cafà © Market Situation -Industry Analysis: The coffee industry and the coffee shop business both have boomed in recent years, especially with regards to specialty coffees. The market for specialty coffees has grown as consumers become more educated about espresso-based drinks and how they are made. According to a National Coffee Association Annual Drinking Trends Survey, specialty coffee consumption has risen from 9 percent in 2000 to 16 percent in 2004. Every day, more than half of the adult population drinks coffee, 108.9 million people. The United States accounts for 52 million of those coffee drinkers. There are tea stats out there too I may be able to get you some. While fast food chains are growing at a rate of 2 percent each year, coffee shop chains grow more than 10 percent annually. Even though 75 percent of the cups of coffee brewed daily are consumed at home, 66 percent of Americans buy their coffee outside of their homes. Strong competition within the industry for new customers, premium locations, etc. but overall the industry is saturated, settled and stable which allows almost all of the competitors to yield very good margins - Competitors: * Beach Pea – Main competitor * Portsmouth Book Bar – unique paring similar to Lil’s and River Run * Lunch competitors: Beach Pea, Carl’s, Loco Coco’s, AJ’s, Town Pizza, and BBQ place will all be competitors for lunch business. * Chain coffee competitors: In the Kittery malls and in Portsmouth are Starbucks. Dunkin Donuts on Route 1, Route 236 and in Portsmouth. * Independent coffee competitors: In Kittery: Beach Pea. In Portsmouth, there are several cafes that offer a similar experience: Kaffee VonSolln, Cafà © Kilim, Breaking New Grounds, Popovers, Ceres Bakery, Cafà © Espresso, Port City Coffee, Me and Ollie’s, St Joe’s in York. * Breakfast competitors: Beach Pea, Bagel Caboose, Dunkin Donuts. * White Heron is opening up a cafà © on Islinton St will be serving their own tea and coffee etc. (Jay is involved) -SWOT: * Strengths – Large and varied target market. Located just outside Shipyard entrance (lunch). Coming in with proven operational strategies. Superior product quality. Unique brand and model. Foot traffic from neighboring stores. Financial support from the commissary kitchen. * Weaknesses – New brand with relatively low brand awareness in market. Lack of expertise in coffee shop management. New business means limited funds. Located outside of Portsmouth. Shipyard gate proximity location could be a liability in the AM. Target market could be too broad. * Opportunities – To be the only locally owned coffee shop in Kittery. To be the ‘go to’ coffee, tea, pastry, sandwich place in the greater Portsmouth area. * Threats- Competition, specifically from the Beach Pea, but also from area coffee shops. Sluggish economy could drive people away from higher end coffee. Construction could cause more delays to opening. -Competitive Advantages: * Tandem Coffee will be a competitive advantage of Lil’s Cafà ©. Tandem may be the best coffee North of Boston and South of Portland. * Serving loose leaf tea/being a tea room * CSR – This is a main point of difference between Lil’s and most other restaurants in the area. * River Run Books and Maine Squeeze Juicery – These unique parings will increase foot traffic and create another point of different for Lil’s * Backing of Bob’s/Robert’s – Having the operational experience and financial backing of two successful restaurants will give Lil’s support they will need as a new venture. * Location – Being located so close to the shipyard entrance may make Lil’s and attractive choice for lunch for the shipyard folks. Also the proximity to the hospital may prove to be advantageous as well. Target Market Seventy-Seven Percent Of U.S. Adults Drink Coffee Daily The challenge is how to identify a relatively broad target market

7 Resume Tips and 7 Interviewing Tips - from an HR Director!

7 Resume Tips and 7 Interviewing Tips - from an HR Director! If you want effective resume tips and spot-on interview tips, one good source is the Human Resources Director of a large organization. You might be thinking, â€Å"Brenda, I’m sorry, but I simply don’t have access to a dozen human resources directors at Fortune 500-sized companies who are sitting around waiting to talk with me about what hiring managers are looking for!† Thankfully, people like me attend informative events such as the National Resume Writers Association (NRWA) annual conference, held last week in Charleston, South Carolina. A dedicated group of career professionals, including me, were graced with a presentation by Tim Moran- Human Resources Director at Hallmark, Inc. Hallmark is a privately held company with a size comparable to a Fortune-500 company. The audience was hungry for Mr. Moran’s advice, and we were not disappointed! Here’s what he says about what hiring managers want: Top 7 Tips for Resumes and Cover Letters The reverse chronological resume still rules. If at all possible, arrange your experience with your most recent position first, and continue from there. There is a definite bias against skills-based resumes. The resume gets you in the gate; it does not get you hired. The goal is to spark enough interest that someone wants to know more. Most hiring managers do not read your summary section. They want to know concrete facts about what you’ve done. Specifically, and I quote, they are â€Å"interested in what the heck you did to make things better.† Hiring managers don’t like the Core Competencies or Skills sections that list a bunch of nouns and noun phrases. These lists are useful for computers (if formatted correctly) but not effective with people. Use the space taken up by these keywords to report your successes. Age is not always an issue. Many hiring managers realize that people are healthier and younger at 60 than they used to be. The trend also is for employees to stay 3-5 years, not 20, so age has become less of a liability. It’s not uncommon for Hallmark to hire people, especially artists, in their 60s. A Hobbies or Interests section is welcome! It can indicate intellectual curiosity and personality. You are judged on your cover letter. It’s important to put your thoughts together well and make a good impression. If it takes getting help from a resume writer to string your thoughts together well, it’s worth the investment! I found it enlightening (and somewhat of a relief) that Mr. Moran has no problem with people who get professional help with their resume and cover letters. He believes the goal of these documents is to get you in the door; as long as nothing is fabricated it doesn’t matter who writes them! Mr. Moran also shared tips for getting interviews, performing well in them, and entering into salary negotiations: Top 7 Tips for Interviews Negotiations The best way to get an interview is to take advantage of your networks. Get out there and talk to people! Confidence is key. The most important thing you can do is exude confidence, regardless of how long you’ve been unemployed or what â€Å"weaknesses† other people might think you have. It’s essential to have a short statement at the ready (your â€Å"elevator pitch†) that identifies your unique strengths and what you offer. How you carry yourself physically is extremely important. Confidence shows through your posture, facial expressions and handshake. You must exhibit a willingness to learn and adapt, over and over again. Come prepared with examples of how you embraced change and exceled. Do your salary research. Educate yourself on payscale.com and salary.com so that you can back up your salary request with knowledge about industry standards and cost of living in the relevant geographic area. Remember the 5 Ps: Positivity, preparedness, professionalism, perseverance and persistence. Did any of these words of wisdom surprise you? Are you going to change anything about the way you present yourself on paper or in person? Please share in the comments below. If you want to make sure your resume meets the requirements and preferences of hiring managers, consider hiring The Essay Expert. We look forward to working with you!

School Food Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Food Programs - Essay Example As the report declares inadequate food supply can be addressed through the subsidizing of the food supply and ensuring that the institution gets into a contract with other nongovernmental organization that can be willing to deliver food on a low-cost basis. Fruits and vegetable consumption rates are low therefore a concrete solution to this problem need to be addressed. This is through the subsidizing of the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables. Additionally the most important solution would be sensitizing the school kids on the health benefits that fruits and vegetable consumption has to the body. Fruits and vegetables are a very good source of vitamins that are very good for the growth of kids. From the essay it is clear the long-term health impact of canned foods such cancer should be highlighted to the kids. The high cancer cases can be blamed on these processed and canned foods. Therefore, such campaigns can be very effective in deterring canned food consumption. Cooking contests are a very good way of inspiring kids to acquire a passion in cooking which can deter them from getting the urge to consume junk foods. The poor income that has resulted from food sales can be addressed through promotion and use of free samples as a way of attracting customers. The local authorities would be required to subsidies the farm inputs so that the farming cost is subsidized this will ensure that the small-scale farmers have the ability to extensively farm.

To discuss, research and develop an argument which talks about the The Essay

To discuss, research and develop an argument which talks about the The American Dream - Essay Example On the other hand, King’s version of the American dream entailed freedom and equality between African Americans and whites. The following essay attempts to determine what it means moving to the United States today in an effort to achieve the American dream, as well as the myth surrounding its true benefits (Smith 71). The American dream is not an illusion but a reality that is subject to different interpretations because of influence from the government, the media, and academia. Recent academic literature touches on the American Dream (Smith 44). Nearly all Americans are familiar with the concept by the time they finish high school. At the same time, familiarity with the concept does not help determine if the American Dream is achievable or an individual’s misplaced idea of reality. What schools do not teach is that working hard to achieve the American Dream is the only way to overcome success barriers. Some literary works show how barriers can stop one’s progress. Other literary works show that accomplishing anything is possible through persistent desire and ambition. As a result, one only sees barriers for accomplishing the America Dream as an expected reality if one chooses influence from positive or negative literary works. Every generation has seen a multitude of immigrants in the United States full of hopes of achieving the American Dream (Smith 71). Many immigrants desire jobs with suitable incomes and benefits that can lead to a successful life. A successful life can then see their families properly fed, roofed, and educated. Other immigrants seek to set up businesses in the United States, which they hope will grow to a multimillion-dollar empire and live amongst the white elite of America. These are two of the most common perceptions of the American Dream shared amongst immigrants. Stories of a handful of immigrants who came to the United States nearly decades ago with the same vision and

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION Essay

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION - Essay Example This however, is rare as it presents challenges in terms of cost and implementation to the stakeholders. On the same note, the current train system is operating at its optimal with which come numerous challenges and safety concerns (Ballis et al, 2004). This calls for a more efficient and effecting freight train optimisation and simulation capable of mitigating the emerging concerns, and even proceed further to predict possible future concerns. Factors considered in the rail freight transport were crew scheduling and train scheduling. This is because, unlike passenger train schedules which can be planned and allocated a slot well in advance, Freight trains are dynamic and require a shorter planning period. Freight train systems vary depending on availability of goods and distance required to be covered. This paper provides an overview of freight transport and the possible effects optimization of the rail system will cause. Problem Statement In any environment and or country that have a considerable amount of shipment rail transport is always the centre of focus. Freight train has faced an increased attention due to problems related with road congestion and safety concerns. Furthermore, large container shipments are always a problem at major ports. A good organisation and prioritisation of freight flows and validating an expedition and efficient freight train systems will go a long way in ensuring speedy processing and clearing of these shipment containers. Motivation/Applications Railway transports system is uniquely designed to deliver efficiency and reliability as it allows for massive freight transport at low and affordable rates. This reliance and steady growth on rail transport however, cannot be fully matched by an equal growth pace of the rail system and network. The increased traffic therefore relies on a nearly out-dated system that requires urgent revision. The hampered growth pace is caused by several factors the most obvious being the high costs inv olved in such an investment (Rizzoli, 2002). Additionally, due to the bulk of both the locomotive trains and its related infrastructure, expansion space required is also a concern especially when it comes to residential and ragged terrain surroundings. Railway companies therefore, are left out with limited options the most significant of which is exploitation of the available resources. This can be done through the implementation of better systems that will facilitate better more efficient time management. Furthermore, additional test environments can be developed to study and understand the various challenges involved on the ground during freight train movement to mitigate risks involved. Objectives The objective of this report is to provide an in depth understanding of the freight train optimization and simulation system. Current conditions will be exploited with the objective of coming up with an optimal train scheduling and optimization technique under an array of realistic and probable conditions. These conditions include; infrastructure I place, optimal average speed done by each train, and the inflow of freight goods. In addition, this report seeks to alleviate the efficiency of freight train transportation by highlighting all the impacts it has on the transport system, and further proposing ways to better improve and handle safety measures already in place. These will

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Example for Free

Common Traits of the Filipinos Essay Common Traits It is difficult to define and ascertain the very core of what it is to be a Filipino. History tells us that the Filipinos as we know now had an untraceable origin. All that we can do now is to determine the common traits that are common to all of the Filipinos. Common traits among Filipinos can be traced throughout its existence, from the pre-colonial era up to the present era that we have now. There is something that is particularly common and at the same time unique from among all of us as oppose to different races from Asia. And from this point of view we can depart and establish in some commonalities what it is to be a Filipino which is unique in particular throughout Asia and in general throughout the world. A. Hospitality One of the common traits of a Filipino is the word Hospitality. Hospitality comes from the Latin word, â€Å"Hospes†meaning â€Å"Host†, â€Å"guest†, or â€Å"stranger†. Hospes is formed from hostis, which means â€Å"stranger† or â€Å"enemy† which is synonymous to hostility. In a nutshell, Hospitality means welcoming the guest, stranger, or even the enemy into your own house. According to Derrida there two(2) types of hospitality, the first one is Conditional Hospitality, and the second one is the Absolute Hospitality. In the vernacular language, Conditional Hospitality means, you welcome the stranger, guest, or even the hostile within the bounds of condition e. g like they should only sleep in the master bedroom and only sleep in the couch or sala, they cannot go into the bedroom or they should not touch anything. In other words, they are bound to certain restrictions. On the other hand, in contrast to Conditional Hospitality, Absolute hospitality is a form of welcoming the other with open arms up to the point of embracing the other unconditionally. Absolute hospitality knows no boundaries, in fact, welcoming the other might be dangerous because this other’s personality is unascertainable, maybe he is a convict or any other psychopath but absolute hospitality will welcome any other stranger that will knock into your own homes even if such stranger would kill you. And this Absolute hospitality is the kind of hospitality that is present and predominant among Filipinos, this is a kind of hospitality that is selfless at its purest up to the point of even sacrificing his own family just for the sake of the visitor or guest. And this was clearly depicted by the historian Teodoro A. Agoncillo when he wrote that: â€Å"Perhaps you happen to drop in at an unholy hour of the day or night. Sensing that you are hungry, he prepares the best food for you, ignoring the fact that there would not be enough for the next supper for his family. Meanwhile, he gives you something with which you could eat whiles away your time. You hear him or his wife puttering about the kitchen desperately hurrying up the preparation of the food in order not to keep you waiting. There is always a sense of urgency in his movements, for he does not want to inconvenience you. He makes you feel that he is honored by your invasion of his privacy at an unholy hour of the night. † This Absolute hospitality is the one that is being misunderstood by foreigners, especially by the Spanish colonizers, who thought that such trait is an embodiment of inferiority and obsequiousness. And only that such trait is also prone to abuses made up by the Foreign colonizers which proceeded to tell their hearers that they fell victims to the wiles of the Filipino women. B. Close Family ties The family is one of the oldest and most important social institutions on earth in it is the basic institution of the government, all starts from and within the family it is the primordial institution of our society. With this, it is noteworthy to mention Anthropologist Margaret Mead,she based her research and affirmed the centrality of the nuclear family in human society. She said: â€Å"As far back as our knowledge takes us, human beings have lived in families. We know of no period when this was not so. We know of no people who have succeeded for long in dissolving the family or displacing it†¦ Again and again, in spite of proposals for change and actual experiments, human societies have reaffirmed their dependence on the family as the basic unit of human living—the family of father, mother and children. ’’ In consonance with such research, one of the traits among Filipinos is its close family ties because even up to time immemorial Filipinos are still dependent and interdependent with their families, that even some are already at the age of 40 and having produced so many kids, his existence is still closely related to his Parents. Parents up to the end of the adolescent period of their sons or daughters still have the capacity to support and even provided sustenance to their own sons or daughters. Unlike in foreign countries, particularly in the U. S wherein the their sons or daughters have achieved the age of 18, they are already free to go out of the boundaries of their home and eventually establish a life outside the reach of their family, they can already rent their own apartment and have a job. Which is particularly remote to the traits of a Filipino, if such person was allowed by their parents to live in own life and establish his own stance then eventually such Family would be treated or lookup upon with unbecoming eyes, like such parents is not a worthy parent to father their own child. In Filipino Family, it ordinarily consist of the grandparents, the parents and the children. The Father is the head of the family, but while he rules, the mother governs. For it is the mother that reigns in the home, she is the educator, the financial officer, the accountant, the censor, the laundry woman, and the cook. But above the ruler and the governor are the grandparents, who opinions and decisions on all important matters are sought. Will a newborn child be baptized? The grandparents are consulted and what they say carries much weight. It is the grandparents that have the last word from every decision that the family would make, would they consult a doctor in case the child or sick? The answer depends on the grandparents since they would prefer a herbolario (herb doctor) It is in their experience that will go against any written knowledge that their sons and daughters have achieved, it is with experience that they will use to override you knowledge. And besides such characteristics, one of the predominant characters of the Family is its hierarchical status, since the Philippines is a predominantly catholic country, the impact of such religions echoes even up to the deepest depth of the Family which is embodied in its patriarchal stance. Every decision if you would not be consulted with the grandparent should be consulted with the Father, and nothing more nothing else. The mother may have to say many things, but if the head of the family started to talk then it is the end of the line for is words, would be the law and only the prevailing law of every family. C. Respect for the elders In addition to the power of the grandparents, every grandparents should be treated with respect in all kinds of behavior towards them. In casual conversation, the should be an additional words of respect like â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo. † It is unthinkable for a Filipino do utter words of ingratitude to their elderly. If in other country, they just call their elderly in their own names as oppose to the Filipinos which they approach their elderly in a courteous manner characterized by words of gratitude and respect. And the respect for the elderly includes respect for the elder sister and brother. It is the responsibility of the elder brother to perform the duties of the father and mother to the younger members of the family. One finds that among Filipino family the elder brother or sister sacrifice his career for the sake of the young ones who must have an education. Even after his marriage, the elder brother sets aside a small part of his salary for his younger brother and sisters. The latter, in turn, are expected to look up to their elder brother with awe and respect. Kissing the hands of the parents and old relatives or neighbors as a sign of respect is extended to the elder brother or sister. Among â€Å"old† and â€Å"respectable families,† even cousins kiss the hands of their elder cousins as a sign of respect. D. Fatalistic Filipinos are intrinsically fatalistic. Fatalism is defined as a doctrine that events are fixed in advance so that human beings are powerless to change them. In other words, everything is determined, it is a doctrine that amplifies the subjugation of all events or actions to fate. Philosophically, fatalism generally refer to these ideas, that humans are powerless to do anything other than we can actually do, e. g the power to influence the future which is very similar to pre-determinsm. An attitude of resignation in the face of some future event or events which are thought to be inevitable, that actions are free, but nevertheless work toward an inevitable end, and lastly that acceptance is appropriate, rather than against inevitability. These fatalism is best symbolized in the phrase â€Å"Bahalana,† a phrase that defies translation but which may be rendered loosely as â€Å"come what may. † Can you go through that wall of fire? Bahalana. Are you sure you can convince him to give up his plan of leaving home? Bahalana. There are dangers ahead, Bahalana. Such fatalism has bred in the Filipino a sense of resignation. It is tis that he faces disaster or tragedy with resignation. HE appears indifferent in the face of graft and corruption. He appears impassive in the face of personal misfortune. Yet this â€Å"Bahalana† attitude prevents him from being a crackpot. E. Loyalty As Joyce Mayanrd puts it, â€Å"A person who deserves my loyalty receives it. † Loyalty is defined as a faithfulness or devotion to a person, country, group or cause. For Josiah Joyce loyalty is the willing and practical and thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause. The cause has to be an objective one. It cannot be ones personal self. It is something external to oneself that one looks outward to the world to find, and that cannot be found within. It concerns not ones own person, but other people. The devotion is active, a surrendering of ones self-will to the cause, that one loves. Moreover, according to Royce, loyalty is social. Loyalty to a cause unites the many fellow-servants of that cause, binding them together in their service. That is why loyalty to a friend or benefactor is one trait that is very strong with every Filipino. Do him a little favor and he remembers you to the ends of his days. And such trait is best described and characterized as â€Å"utangnaloob. † For the Filipino, friendship is sacred and implies mutual help under any circumstances. A friend is expected to come to the aid not only of personal friend but also to the friend’s family. That is why when the Americans gave their help to oust the Japanese imperial army here in the Philippines, such help was inculcated to every minds of the Filipino people and throughout the history books, the such a friend help you in such detrimental situation. For the Filipino, it is hardly conceivable that the United States should turn out to be an ingrate, knowing that they stood by her in the darkest hour. Such attitude is beyond the comprehension of the Americans, for the latter understands of friendship is different from that of the Filipino. The American is ruthlessly businesslike and will not allow sentimentalism to stand in the way of fulfilling his destiny or objective. This â€Å"ruthlessness† the Filipino does not understand. Thus, it can be considered as a misplaced loyalty, which is an unreciprocated loyalty, because the Americans would only be loyal only to such an end that it will satisfy their desires and needs, and as long as they are being benefited with such they would not care if such things would be treated as sentimental as the Filipino’s see as it is. F. Tendency to be indolent For Luc de Clapiers â€Å"Indolence is the sleep of the mind. † It is a state where the body and mind of a person is idle. Nothing innovative to do nor to say. This trait is common to every Filipino, as Rizal explained, the Filipinos has this tendency to be indolent as the result of the tropical climate which makes even the Westerner indolent in these parts of the paradise. But aside from the warm climate, indolence may partly explained by the abundance with which Nature has endowed the country, a fact which makes the Filipino exert less effort in the belief that he does not have to work hard to make both ends meet. Then too because of the close family and personal ties, the Filipino is assured of three square meals every day if only e would have the nerve to go from one relative to another. He knows that no relative or friend would turn him out and so he imposes himself on his willing or unwilling victims. G. Jealousy For Lawrence Durrell, â€Å"it is not love that is blind, but jealousy. † One of the trait of a Filipino is the feeling of being jealous. For every Filipino does not look with favor on a woman who flirts with several men. To him the sweet heart’s or the wife’s eyes are meant only form him and for no other. Even his closest friend cannot kiss his wife with impunity on the pretext that it is a brotherly kiss. The Filipino, therefore, requires complete faith and loyalty of his wife or sweetheart. A deviation from this unwritten law oftentimes leads to a bloody mess. Among the many examples is when a Jealous husband stabs his wife and hacks his neighbor, It is in a fit of jealousy that a husband stabbed dead his wife then attack the woman’s alleged paramour in barangay Yati, Liloan, northern Cebu. Police said that the husband was furius when his 41 year old wife, admitted to him that she and a married neighbor in 39 years of age had a relationship. It was their daughter who told the police that she heard her mother shouting for help in the 1:30 a. m in that morning. The daughter ran to her parents room and saw her knife wielding father standing in front of her mother, who was lying bloodied on the top of the bed. Her mother died because of multiple stab wounds. It is not only this instance that the jealousy of a betrayed husband was actualize there are many instances wherein such things had happened, bloody killings, are often enough reported in the daily newspapers, and are frequent and usual upshot is jealousy, for to a Filipino blood is required to was the stain of his honor H. Camaraderie Pakikisama or camaraderie among other nation is also one of the best traits that Filipino possesses. The spirit of comradeship makes Filipinos trustworthy beings. The idea of bayanihan was established because of Filipino camaraderie. Filipino shows no elements of deceit, dishonesty and selfishness. Everybody is willing to help one another is the other is in need of help. I. Regionalism Regionalism is defined as a Political subdivision of an area into partially autonomous region, which characterize by loyalty to the interest of a particular region. A Feature of such is an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographical area. It is also a quality in literature that is the product of fidelity to the habits, speech, manners, history, folklore, and beliefs of a particular geographical section. That is why a Filipino, does not think in terms of national boundaries but in regional oneness. This feeling is an extension of the closeness of family ties. Invariably, the Filipino believes that the person known to him, no matter how bad is btter than the one unknown to him no matter how. Good. Thus one finds college or university students calling a meeting of all those who come from the different parts of county. [ 2 ]. C. Lewis, Elementary Latin Dictionary (Oxford Univ. Press, 2000), p. 371. [ 3 ]. Who is derrida [ 4 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, CE publishing Inc. ,2012, p. 6-7 [ 5 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 6 ]. Editorial, Familiy Ties, Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 20, 2011 [ 7 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 7 [ 8 ]. Hugh Rice ,Fatalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved December 2, 2010 p. 71 [ 9 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 9-10 [ 10 ]. Martin, Mike W. ,Virtuous giving: philanthropy, voluntary service, and caring. Indiana University Press. p. 40. [ 11 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 10 [ 12 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 11 [ 13 ]. Teodoro A. Agocillo, History of the Filipino People eight edition, p. 12.